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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics is the science of how an individual's genetic makeup affects his/her response to drugs. Pharmacogenomics analysis are used to discover ways of reducing side effects and increasing therapeutic efficacy, through selection of better drugs to bring into clinical trials or by selecting proper patient populations for trials (also referred to as patient stratification). 

Biomarkers 

In drug development a biomarker can be a substance whose presense indicates a particular disease state. Most commonly, a biomarker indicates a change in expression or state of a protein that correlates with the risk or progression of a disease, or with the response of the disease to a given treatment.

Personalized Medicine

Personalized medicine is the use of a patient's genetic information and clinical data for selection of a therapy or preventative measure with improved accuracy, efficacy, safety that is especially suited to that patient.